1. Rated Load vs. Ultimate Load
Rated Load (Working Load): The maximum load a spring can withstand within its normal operating range, matching the force requirements of the actual working conditions.
Example: A car seat adjustment spring needs to support the weight of a person (approximately 500-1000N). The rated load must be within this range while retaining a safety factor (usually 1.2-1.5 times).
Ultimate Load: The maximum load a spring can withstand before permanent deformation (generally 1.5-2 times the rated load). If the actual load approaches the ultimate value, it can easily lead to plastic deformation and failure of the spring.
2. Impact of Load Type
Static Load: Applicable to constant force scenarios (such as furniture hinges), focusing on material strength and initial stiffness.
Dynamic Load: For high-frequency vibration or cyclic loading scenarios (such as engine valve springs), attention must be paid to material fatigue strength (must pass fatigue life testing, such as no fracture after 10⁶ cycles).
